Martins de Camargo Maristela, Caetano Alexandre Rodrigues, Ferreira de Miranda Santos Isabel Kinney
Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730 - Butantã -, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Av. W5 Norte - Parque Estação Biológica -, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
iScience. 2022 Mar 1;25(4):104005. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104005. eCollection 2022 Apr 15.
Commercial poultry operations produce and crowd billions of birds every year, which is a source of inexpensive animal protein. Commercial poultry is intensely bred for desirable production traits, and currently presents very low variability at the major histocompatibility complex. This situation dampens the advantages conferred by the MHC's high genetic variability, and crowding generates immunosuppressive stress. We address the proteins of influenza A viruses directly and indirectly involved in host specificities. We discuss how mutants with increased virulence and/or altered host specificity may arise if few class I alleles are the sole selective pressure on avian viruses circulating in immunocompromised poultry. This hypothesis is testable with peptidomics of MHC ligands. Breeding strategies for commercial poultry can easily and inexpensively include high variability of MHC as a trait of interest, to help save billions of dollars as a disease burden caused by influenza and decrease the risk of selecting highly virulent strains.
商业家禽养殖每年饲养并密集养殖数十亿只禽类，这是廉价动物蛋白的一个来源。商业家禽为了获得理想的生产性状而进行高强度选育，目前在主要组织相容性复合体上呈现出极低的变异性。这种情况削弱了主要组织相容性复合体高遗传变异性所带来的优势，并且密集养殖会产生免疫抑制应激。我们直接和间接探讨了甲型流感病毒中与宿主特异性相关的蛋白质。我们讨论了如果少数I类等位基因是免疫功能低下的家禽中传播的禽流感病毒的唯一选择压力，那么具有更高毒力和/或改变宿主特异性的突变体是如何产生的。这个假设可以通过主要组织相容性复合体配体的肽组学进行验证。商业家禽的育种策略可以轻松且低成本地将主要组织相容性复合体的高变异性作为一个感兴趣的性状纳入其中，以帮助作为流感造成的疾病负担节省数十亿美元，并降低选择高毒株的风险。
