Development of malignancy in the end-stage renal disease patient.

The evidence indicates an increased prevalence and likely also an increased incidence of both renal and extrarenal malignancy in ESRD patients. With the exception of nonHodgkin's lymphoma, these are the same solid tumors commonly found in the general population. Although the overall change in tumor frequency may be small, certain tumors such as prostate carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and uterine carcinoma are significantly increased in the setting of renal failure. Better detection secondary to closer medical surveillance of the dialysis population may contribute in part to the increased prevalence. The increased prevalence of renal cancer is unique because of its development as a complication of prolonged azotemia in the setting of ACKD. This calls for additional renal imaging such as contrast-enhanced CT scanning along with other established screening procedures.