aWengen D F
University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1993 May;72(5):264-7.
Advocates of free distribution of marijuana and hashish describe these drugs as harmless. Several experimental in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. Several carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been extracted from tar of marijuana pipes. Tetrahydrocannabinol also inhibits the function of the immune system. T-cell lymphocyte counts are lower in chronic marijuana smokers compared to nonsmokers. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes as well as phagocytosis by polynucleic granulocytes is decreased. The number of young patients between 20 and 40 years with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, tongue, and pharynx is rapidly increasing. In the past seven years 34 young patients with squamous cell carcinomas have been treated at this institution. All were chronic marijuana smokers. Due to the often extensive field cancerisation, success of cancer therapy is limited in oral and pharyngeal cancers. Marijuana and hashish cannot be considered harmless. Education of the public about the carcinogenic properties of inhaled substances should include marijuana and hashish.
主张免费分发大麻和哈希什的人将这些毒品描述为无害的。多项体外和体内实验研究表明了四氢大麻酚的致突变性和致癌性。已从大麻烟斗的焦油中提取出几种致癌多环芳烃。四氢大麻酚还会抑制免疫系统的功能。与不吸烟者相比，慢性大麻吸烟者的T细胞淋巴细胞计数更低。淋巴细胞对植物血凝素的刺激以及多核粒细胞的吞噬作用均会降低。20至40岁之间患口腔、舌头和咽部鳞状细胞癌的年轻患者数量正在迅速增加。在过去七年中，该机构共治疗了34名患有鳞状细胞癌的年轻患者。他们都是慢性大麻吸烟者。由于通常存在广泛的场癌化现象，口腔和咽喉癌的癌症治疗成功率有限。大麻和哈希什不能被视为无害。对公众进行关于吸入物质致癌特性的教育应包括大麻和哈希什。
