Uttl B, Graf P
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 1993 Jun;8(2):257-73. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.8.2.257.
Two experiments examined age-related differences in memory for spatial location information in a museum exhibit (Experiment 1) and in a secretarial office (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, subjects were the visitors to the exhibit (N = 302, 15-74 years of age), and memory was assessed using a map test. In Experiment 2, subjects were 64 young adults (M = 21.2 years) and 32 older adults (M = 71.2 years), and memory was assessed using both a map test and a relocation test. The relocation test required subjects to replace the to-be-remembered targets where they appeared at study. Experiment 1 showed an age-related decline in spatial memory performance, and it placed the onset of this decline in the sixth decade of life. Experiment 2 showed an age-related decline on both tests, but age effects were smaller on the relocation test than on the map test, and when subjects knew that spatial memory would be tested than when they were not informed.
两项实验研究了在博物馆展览（实验1）和秘书办公室（实验2）中，与年龄相关的空间位置信息记忆差异。在实验1中，受试者是展览的参观者（N = 302，年龄在15至74岁之间），通过地图测试评估记忆。在实验2中，受试者为64名年轻人（平均年龄M = 21.2岁）和32名老年人（平均年龄M = 71.2岁），通过地图测试和重新定位测试评估记忆。重新定位测试要求受试者将待记忆目标放回学习时出现的位置。实验1显示空间记忆表现存在与年龄相关的下降，并将这种下降的起始年龄定在60岁左右。实验2在两项测试中均显示出与年龄相关的下降，但重新定位测试中的年龄效应比地图测试中的小，而且当受试者知道会测试空间记忆时比不知道时年龄效应小。
