Lipman P D, Caplan L J
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Psychol Aging. 1992 Sep;7(3):435-42. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.7.3.435.
Free-recall and multiple-choice measures of memory for landmarks, sequential order, turns, and route configurations were obtained from younger and older adults after they viewed slides of 2 overlapping routes. Instructions focused attention on either the contents of the slides or on the course of the path; a control condition provided no orientational instructions. Half the subjects viewed maplike diagrams of the joint spatial configuration. Age interacted with instruction only for multiple-choice tests of landmark memory. Age interacted with diagram for each of the other 3 route memory components, although the generality of this interaction across instruction condition depended on whether free-recall or multiple-choice tests were used. The results suggest that route memory may involve both scene and layout representation, which may be differentially sensitive to age and presentational variables.
在年轻和年长成年人观看了两条重叠路线的幻灯片后，获得了他们对地标、顺序、转弯和路线配置的自由回忆和多项选择记忆测量结果。指导语将注意力集中在幻灯片的内容或路径的进程上；一个控制条件不提供定向指导。一半的受试者观看了联合空间配置的地图状图表。年龄仅在多项选择的地标记忆测试中与指导语产生交互作用。在其他三个路线记忆成分中，年龄与图表均产生了交互作用，尽管这种交互作用在不同指导条件下的普遍性取决于使用的是自由回忆测试还是多项选择测试。结果表明，路线记忆可能涉及场景和布局表征，这两者可能对年龄和呈现变量具有不同的敏感性。
