Aitken R J, Paterson M, Koothan P T
MRC Reproductive Biology Unit, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1993 Jan;49(1):88-99. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072608.
Three major approaches to contraceptive vaccine development are being pursued at the present time. The most advanced approach, which has already reached the stage of phase 2 clinical trials, involves the induction of immunity against human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Vaccines are being engineered based on conjugates incorporating tetanus or diphtheria toxoid linked to a variety of hCG-based peptides centred on the beta-subunit of this molecule. Clinical trials have revealed that such preparations are capable of stimulating the production of anti-hCG antibodies. However, the long term consequences of such immunity in terms of safety or efficacy are, as yet, unknown. The alternative approaches to contraceptive vaccine development involve the induction of immunity against gamete-specific antigens found on the surface of the human spermatozoon or the zona pellucida. There is an abundance of experimental and clinical data to suggest that this approach is feasible although the biochemical characterization and synthesis of candidate antigens is still incomplete.
目前正在探索三种主要的避孕疫苗研发方法。最先进的方法已经进入了2期临床试验阶段，该方法涉及诱导针对人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）的免疫反应。基于结合物设计疫苗，这些结合物包含与破伤风或白喉类毒素结合的多种以hCG分子β亚基为中心的肽。临床试验表明，这类制剂能够刺激抗hCG抗体的产生。然而，就安全性或有效性而言，这种免疫的长期后果尚不清楚。避孕疫苗研发的替代方法涉及诱导针对人类精子表面或透明带上发现的配子特异性抗原的免疫反应。有大量实验和临床数据表明这种方法是可行的，尽管候选抗原的生化特性和合成仍不完整。
