Wilmot S
Nurse Educ Today. 1993 Jun;13(3):189-95. doi: 10.1016/0260-6917(93)90101-7.
The ethical demands of professional nursing practice are considered, and the concept of Agency is offered as a potentially useful part of the nurses conceptual equipment for such practice. The pressures of working in large organisations are suggested to be inimical to a sense of Agency, and it is also suggested that some of the academic disciplines involved in nurse education are offering an ambiguous view of the issue of Agency. The discipline of Ethics, while also ambiguous on this issue, is presented as offering useful ways of exploring that ambiguity. Several theories of Ethics are considered in relation to human freedom and responsibility, and the issue between determinism and free will is likewise considered. It is suggested that these offer ways of helping the individual to explore and develop their own stance on freedom and responsibility, and thereby on the issue of Agency. This discussion is related to the United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) Code of Professional Conduct, and the paradox of choice is acknowledged.
文中考虑了专业护理实践的伦理要求，并提出“能动性”这一概念，作为护士从事此类实践时概念工具中潜在有用的一部分。文中指出，在大型组织中工作的压力不利于能动性的形成，还提到一些参与护士教育的学术学科对能动性问题的看法模棱两可。伦理学学科虽然在这个问题上也不明确，但被认为提供了探索这种模糊性的有用方法。文中探讨了几种与人类自由和责任相关的伦理学理论，同时也思考了决定论和自由意志之间的问题。文中认为，这些理论有助于个人探索和发展自己在自由和责任问题上的立场，进而在能动性问题上形成自己的立场。这一讨论与英国中央理事会（UKCC）的《职业行为准则》相关，并承认了选择的悖论。
