Lindenstrøm E, Boysen G, Nyboe J
Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Neuroepidemiology. 1993;12(1):43-50. doi: 10.1159/000110298.
The objective of the present work was to identify independent life-style factors for stroke and to estimate their causal contribution. The study is based on a random sample of the Copenhagen population selected in 1976 and stratified by age. The present analysis includes 12,961 subjects examined initially, aged 35 or over and without a previous cerebrovascular event, for whom information about life-style factors was recorded between 1976 and 1978. The outcome was the first-in-life stroke or transient ischemic attack during 12 years of follow-up. The events were ascertained at a second examination 5 years later and from hospital records and death certificates through 1988. Cox's regression model was used to estimate the effect on stroke risk of the factors recorded. In the period 1976-1988, 693 initial events were recorded in eligible responders. Among the life-style factors analyzed, a significant, independent effect was found for cigarette smoking, daily consumption of sleeping pills or tranquilizers and body mass index (BMI). There was a tendency for daily alcohol intake to be associated with lower risk, this could not be demonstrated for physical activity at leisure time. Among smokers, stroke risk was influenced by the number of cigarettes smoked, and daily alcohol intake was associated with a significantly lower risk. The effect of smoking decreased with age. BMI in smokers still had a significant effect on stroke risk but neither daily consumption of tranquilizers, nor physical inactivity at leisure time had a significant influence.
本研究的目的是确定与中风相关的独立生活方式因素，并评估它们的因果关系。该研究基于1976年从哥本哈根人群中随机抽取的样本，并按年龄分层。本分析纳入了12961名最初接受检查的受试者，年龄在35岁及以上，且既往无脑血管事件，于1976年至1978年期间记录了他们的生活方式因素信息。研究结果是随访12年期间首次发生的中风或短暂性脑缺血发作。这些事件在5年后的第二次检查中确定，并通过1988年的医院记录和死亡证明进行核实。使用Cox回归模型来估计所记录因素对中风风险的影响。在1976年至1988年期间，符合条件的受试者中有693例首次发生事件。在分析的生活方式因素中，发现吸烟、每日服用安眠药或镇静剂以及体重指数（BMI）具有显著的独立影响。每日饮酒量有降低风险的趋势，但休闲时间的体育活动未显示出这种关联。在吸烟者中，中风风险受吸烟量的影响，每日饮酒量与显著较低的风险相关。吸烟的影响随年龄增长而降低。吸烟者的BMI对中风风险仍有显著影响，但每日服用镇静剂和休闲时间缺乏体育活动均无显著影响。
