Nicoll A, Laukamm-Josten U, Mwizarubi B, Mayala C, Mkuye M, Nyembela G, Grosskurth H
AIDS Projects, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Tanzania.
AIDS Care. 1993;5(2):231-41. doi: 10.1080/09540129308258604.
Work in AIDS control in East Africa revealed widespread lay health beliefs concerning HIV infection and AIDS amongst health workers and members of the general population at both lower and higher risk of infection. The beliefs were often factually incorrect and undermining to AIDS control in the field of information, education and communication (IEC). The beliefs were conveyed informally but their origins could often be traced. Local media were important sources. The beliefs were powerful, persistent and resistant to conventional educational methods. Their prevalence and type changed with time in different groups. A model of how the beliefs came to be generated is proposed and reasons suggested for their persistence and strength. A current programme for countering the beliefs is described. An additional important group of policy and scientific beliefs were also identified amongst policy makers and scientists. It is noted that these phenomenon are international and not confined to Africa.
在东非开展的艾滋病防治工作表明，在感染风险高低不同的卫生工作者和普通民众中，存在着关于艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病的广泛的大众健康观念。这些观念往往与事实不符，并且在信息、教育和宣传（IEC）领域对艾滋病防治工作起到了破坏作用。这些观念通过非正式途径传播，但其源头往往能够追溯。当地媒体是重要来源。这些观念影响力强大、持续存在且难以被传统教育方法改变。其在不同群体中的流行程度和类型随时间而变化。本文提出了一个关于这些观念如何形成的模型，并对其持续存在和影响力强大的原因提出了建议。文中描述了当前应对这些观念的一个项目。在政策制定者和科学家中还发现了另一类重要的政策和科学观念。需要指出的是，这些现象具有国际性，并非非洲所特有。
