Kalter H
Division of Basic Science Research, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229-2899.
Clin Genet. 1993 Apr;43(4):174-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb04443.x.
Several malformations and malformation complexes have been alleged to be associated with maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus: in particular, sacral dysplasia, caudal regression/sirenomelia, femoral dysplasia, and holoprosencephaly. For some of the malformations the claim rests on case material, and for others on theoretical considerations. The history and evolution of these ideas are presented.