Davila D G, Dunn W F, Tazelaar H D, Pairolero P C
Division of Thoracic Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1993 Aug;68(8):795-803. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60641-7.
Bronchial carcinoid tumors, termed (incorrectly) "bronchial adenomas" in the past, are uncommon pulmonary neoplasms. These tumors are currently classified as neuroendocrine in origin because of their potential to form and sometimes secrete a variety of chemical substances. Overall, approximately 75% of bronchial carcinoid tumors arise in the lobar bronchi, 10% occur in the main-stem bronchi, and 15% originate in the periphery of the lung. Well-differentiated carcinoid tumors constitute almost 90% of all bronchial carcinoids. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a higher malignant potential than do typical bronchial carcinoids. The carcinoid syndrome is rarely, if ever, associated with carcinoids limited to the tracheobronchial tree. Occasionally, Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic hormone production is caused by bronchial carcinoid tumors. More than 75% of bronchial carcinoids are detected on conventional posteroanterior chest roentgenograms. Computed tomography may help disclose small neoplasms that are occult on conventional roentgenography, particularly in the assessment of patients who have Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic hormone production. Pulmonary resection is the treatment of choice for bronchial carcinoids. The prognosis is related to the pathologic grade and stage of the tumor.
支气管类癌肿瘤过去曾被（错误地）称为“支气管腺瘤”，是一种少见的肺部肿瘤。由于这些肿瘤有形成并有时分泌多种化学物质的潜能，目前被归类为神经内分泌起源。总体而言，约75%的支气管类癌肿瘤发生于叶支气管，10%发生于主支气管，15%起源于肺周边。高分化类癌肿瘤占所有支气管类癌的近90%。非典型类癌肿瘤比典型支气管类癌具有更高的恶性潜能。类癌综合征极少与局限于气管支气管树的类癌相关。偶尔，支气管类癌肿瘤可导致因异位激素分泌引起的库欣综合征。超过75%的支气管类癌在传统后前位胸部X线片上被发现。计算机断层扫描有助于发现传统X线检查隐匿的小肿瘤，特别是在评估因异位激素分泌引起库欣综合征的患者时。肺切除术是支气管类癌的首选治疗方法。预后与肿瘤的病理分级和分期有关。
