Collins V P, James C D
Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FASEB J. 1993 Jul;7(10):926-30. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.7.10.8344489.
The development of a malignant tumor generally entails a series of events that damage the genome of a somatic cell and result in the malignant phenotype. These events chronicle the malignant progression of a tumor; a dynamic process in which more aggressive and growth-deregulated cell populations are constantly evolving. Gliomas, the most common primary tumors of brain, are known to become increasingly malignant with time. Within recent years, several details of the molecular genetic events associated in their progression have been determined. The earliest events of glioma progression include loss of genetic information from the long arms of chromosomes 13 or 22, or the short arm of chromosome 17 for which targeting of the TP53 (p53) gene has been indicated. Loss of a single complement of type I interferon (IFN) genes from 9p and loss of genetic information from 19q are seen in the tumors of intermediate malignancy grade. Events associated with the most malignant of glial tumors include loss of the second, type I IFN gene complement, loss of genetic information from chromosome 10, and gene amplification (most commonly the epidermal growth factor receptor, in 40% of cases). These findings have helped elucidate the events associated with glial tumorigenesis, and through the identification of specific genes, have provided a starting point for investigating the molecular biology of central nervous system neoplasia.
恶性肿瘤的发展通常需要一系列损害体细胞基因组并导致恶性表型的事件。这些事件记录了肿瘤的恶性进展，这是一个动态过程，在此过程中，更具侵袭性和生长失调的细胞群体不断演变。胶质瘤是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，已知会随着时间的推移而变得越来越恶性。近年来，已经确定了与其进展相关的分子遗传事件的几个细节。胶质瘤进展的最早事件包括13号或22号染色体长臂或17号染色体短臂的遗传信息丢失，其中已表明TP53（p53）基因是靶点。在中度恶性等级的肿瘤中可见9p上I型干扰素（IFN）基因单倍体缺失和19q上的遗传信息丢失。与最恶性的胶质肿瘤相关的事件包括第二个I型干扰素基因单倍体缺失、10号染色体遗传信息丢失和基因扩增（最常见的是表皮生长因子受体，在40%的病例中）。这些发现有助于阐明与胶质肿瘤发生相关的事件，并通过鉴定特定基因，为研究中枢神经系统肿瘤形成的分子生物学提供了一个起点。
