Tenover F C
Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1993 Jun;7(2):171-81.
Several commercial DNA probe assays are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories. These include culture-confirmation assays for Mycobacterium species, which are recommended by CDC because they are both rapid and accurate, and culture-confirmation assays for N. gonorrhoeae. Probe assays for direct detection of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are also widely used in public health and large reference laboratories. In many cases, the probe assays have decreased the time to identification of positive cultures and improved detection of these pathogens because they do not depend on the presence of viable organisms to achieve a positive result. Nucleic acid amplification assays hold promise for the rapid detection and identification of many infectious agents. PCR using universal primers enables researchers to identify new agents of disease that cannot be cultured in vitro; more importantly, PCR provides a method for detecting the presence of any bacterial species, including common organisms, in normally sterile body fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluids. The use of such primers may well give PCR the broad-based approach needed to identify organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the future.
几种商业DNA探针检测方法在临床微生物学实验室中被广泛使用。这些方法包括用于分枝杆菌属的培养确认检测，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）推荐使用这些方法，因为它们既快速又准确；还有用于淋病奈瑟菌的培养确认检测。用于直接检测淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体的探针检测方法也在公共卫生和大型参考实验室中广泛使用。在许多情况下，探针检测方法缩短了阳性培养物的鉴定时间，并提高了对这些病原体的检测能力，因为它们不依赖活生物体的存在来获得阳性结果。核酸扩增检测方法有望快速检测和鉴定许多感染因子。使用通用引物的聚合酶链反应（PCR）使研究人员能够鉴定出无法在体外培养的新病原体；更重要的是，PCR提供了一种检测正常无菌体液（如血液和脑脊液）中任何细菌种类（包括常见生物体）存在的方法。使用这样的引物很可能会使PCR成为未来临床微生物学实验室鉴定生物体所需的基础广泛的方法。
