Youngquist R S, Braun W F
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1993 Jul;9(2):309-22. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30648-4.
Abnormalities of the tubular reproductive tract are responsible for decreased fertility in the cow. Typically, these are related to congenital defects such as segmental aplasia or to acquired conditions resulting from infections or trauma caused during breeding or parturition. Infection of the tubular tract may result in vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis, endometritis, pyometra, or salpingitis. Trauma to the tract may result in urovagina, pneumovagina, or prolapse of the vagina or uterus. Retained placenta may result in metritis. Potentially, all of these conditions, unless properly treated, may result in reduced fertility or, in the extreme, sterility. Judicial and properly timed use of antibiotics and ecbolic agents should return the tract to proper function with little or no reduction in fertility. Some conditions, such as prolapse, retained placenta, and pneumovagina, may call for manual or surgical intervention for successful resolution.
牛的生殖管道异常是导致其生育力下降的原因。通常，这些异常与先天性缺陷（如节段性发育不全）或由配种或分娩期间感染或创伤引起的后天性病症有关。生殖管道感染可能导致阴道炎、宫颈炎、子宫炎、子宫内膜炎、子宫蓄脓或输卵管炎。生殖管道受创可能导致尿道阴道瘘、气阴瘘或阴道或子宫脱垂。胎盘滞留可能导致子宫炎。所有这些病症，除非得到妥善治疗，都可能导致生育力降低，甚至在极端情况下导致不育。合理且适时地使用抗生素和催产剂应能使生殖管道恢复正常功能，而生育力几乎不会降低。有些病症，如脱垂、胎盘滞留和气阴瘘，可能需要人工或手术干预才能成功治愈。
