Papaparaskeva-Petrides C, Ioannides C, Walker R
Division of Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1993 Aug;31(8):561-7. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90205-d.
The objectives of this work were to establish the contribution of agaritine in the mutagenicity of ethanolic extracts from Agaricus bisporus and to examine the possible involvement of phenolic and quinonoid compounds in the mutagenic response to mushrooms. The mutagenic profile of agaritine in the Ames test, in the absence of an activation system, was different from that of the mushroom ethanolic extracts. Incorporation of rat hepatic cytosolic fractions as the activation system increased the mutagenicity of the mushroom ethanolic extracts in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 104 but did not influence the mutagenicity of agaritine. It was concluded that agaritine is not the principal mutagenic component in the mushroom. The cytosol-induced mutagenicity of the mushroom extracts required NADPH, and was inhibited by dicoumarol and menadione. Moreover, the mutagenic response in the presence of cytosolic fractions was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and dimethyl sulfoxide, thus implicating reactive oxygen species. Finally, tyrosinase, the enzyme converting mushroom phenols to quinones, increased the mutagenicity of the mushroom extracts. Collectively, the above results indicate that phenolic and quinonoid compounds, presumably through the generation of reactive oxygen species, may play a significant role in the mutagenicity of mushroom extracts.
本研究的目的是确定伞菌氨酸在双孢蘑菇乙醇提取物致突变性中的作用，并研究酚类和醌类化合物在蘑菇致突变反应中可能的参与情况。在无活化系统的情况下，伞菌氨酸在艾姆斯试验中的致突变谱与蘑菇乙醇提取物不同。加入大鼠肝细胞质部分作为活化系统可增加蘑菇乙醇提取物在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA 104菌株中的致突变性，但不影响伞菌氨酸的致突变性。得出的结论是，伞菌氨酸不是蘑菇中的主要致突变成分。蘑菇提取物的胞质溶胶诱导的致突变性需要NADPH，并被双香豆素和甲萘醌抑制。此外，在存在细胞质部分的情况下，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽和二甲基亚砜抑制了致突变反应，从而表明活性氧的参与。最后，将蘑菇酚类转化为醌类的酪氨酸酶增加了蘑菇提取物的致突变性。总体而言，上述结果表明，酚类和醌类化合物可能通过产生活性氧在蘑菇提取物的致突变性中发挥重要作用。
