Creighton C
Occupational Therapy Department, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit 48201.
Am J Occup Ther. 1993 Aug;47(8):745-8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.47.8.745.
Occupational therapists in all areas of practice grade therapeutic activities to help patients progress toward their goals. It is proposed in this paper that the concept of graded activity originated in German tuberculosis sanatoria in the late 1800s, when patients were required to walk on graded (sloped) land for exercise. British physician Marcus Paterson included work, as well as walking, in his graduated exercise program for tuberculosis patients and was honored for this innovation at the founding meeting of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (NSPOT). George Barton, Susan Tracy, and Herbert Hall were among the NSPOT members who contributed to the development of graded activity as a principle in occupational therapy intervention. The military rehabilitation programs established during World War I provided additional impetus, and by the mid-1920s, graded activity was recognized as central to the profession.
各个实践领域的职业治疗师会对治疗活动进行分级，以帮助患者朝着目标取得进展。本文提出，分级活动的概念起源于19世纪后期的德国结核病疗养院，当时患者被要求在有坡度的地面上行走以进行锻炼。英国医生马库斯·帕特森在其针对结核病患者的分级锻炼计划中纳入了工作以及行走，并在全国职业治疗促进协会（NSPOT）的成立会议上因这一创新而受到表彰。乔治·巴顿、苏珊·特雷西和赫伯特·霍尔是NSPOT的成员，他们为将分级活动发展成为职业治疗干预的一项原则做出了贡献。第一次世界大战期间建立的军事康复计划提供了额外的推动力，到20世纪20年代中期，分级活动被认为是该专业的核心。
