Block C, Roitman M, Bogokowsky B, Meizlin S, Slater P E
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Jul;17(1):126-32. doi: 10.1093/clinids/17.1.126.
Meningococcal disease accounts for approximately 20% of cases of bacterial meningitis in Israel. During the period 1951-1990, the annual incidence of meningococcal disease rarely exceeded two cases per 100,000 persons and was generally higher among non-Jews (largely the Arab population) than among Jews; there were some notable peaks of disease activity during 1963-1967, 1975, and 1987-1988. The highest incidence was among infants and young children, with a slight male predominance. The main period of disease activity was from January to April, but an unusual secondary peak in July coincided with the onset of peak summer temperatures. Monthly disease frequencies were significantly correlated with relative humidity. Incidence rates varied between regions and were lower in cities than in smaller settlements. Overall case-fatality rates decreased to approximately 11% for the period 1981-1990. Outbreaks were infrequent and tended to be small. Meningococci of serogroup B have dominated since the mid-1970s. Group A meningococci were isolated significantly more commonly from Arabs (26.26%) than from Jews (1.03%; P < .000001). The frequency with which group A organisms occurred among clinical isolates appeared to follow a more or less cyclical pattern.
在以色列，脑膜炎球菌病约占细菌性脑膜炎病例的20%。在1951年至1990年期间，脑膜炎球菌病的年发病率很少超过每10万人2例，且非犹太人（主要是阿拉伯人口）的发病率普遍高于犹太人；在1963年至1967年、1975年以及1987年至1988年期间出现了一些明显的发病活动高峰。发病率最高的是婴幼儿，男性略占优势。疾病活动的主要时期是1月至4月，但7月出现了一个异常的次高峰，与夏季最高气温的开始时间一致。每月的疾病发生频率与相对湿度显著相关。发病率在不同地区有所差异，城市的发病率低于较小的定居点。1981年至1990年期间，总体病死率降至约11%。疫情不常见且规模往往较小。自20世纪70年代中期以来，B群脑膜炎球菌一直占主导地位。A群脑膜炎球菌在阿拉伯人中的分离率（26.26%）明显高于犹太人（1.03%；P <.000001）。A群菌株在临床分离株中的出现频率似乎或多或少呈周期性模式。
