de Moraes José Cássio, Barata Rita Barradas
Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2005 Sep-Oct;21(5):1458-71. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000500019. Epub 2005 Sep 12.
This study analyzes the epidemiological behavior of meningococcal disease in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, over the course of the 20th century. Applying data from patient records, death certificates, and epidemiological surveillance, the authors describe trends in the disease throughout the century, seasonal variations, and incidence distribution by area, age, and gender. The temporal trends show constant incidence during endemic periods, interrupted by epidemic events. Four epidemic events during the last century occurred in circumstances of serious social disturbances and were caused by serogroups A (the first two), A and C, and B and C, respectively. Seasonal variations involved aggravation during autumn and winter throughout the entire century. Geographic distribution followed the displacement of the poor population in the urban territory. Age and gender distribution remained unaltered during all the endemic periods, showing an increased risk associated with younger age. The epidemic periods (except for the last) showed major alterations in age and gender distribution, with an increased risk among young people and youth adults and occurrence in all age brackets.
本研究分析了20世纪巴西圣保罗市脑膜炎球菌病的流行病学行为。作者运用来自患者记录、死亡证明和流行病学监测的数据，描述了该疾病在整个世纪的趋势、季节性变化以及按地区、年龄和性别划分的发病率分布情况。时间趋势显示，在地方病流行期间发病率保持稳定，但会被疫情事件打断。上世纪发生的四次疫情事件分别发生在严重社会动荡的情况下，病原体血清群依次为A（前两次）、A和C、B和C。整个世纪中，季节性变化表现为秋冬季节病情加重。地理分布情况与城市贫困人口的迁移一致。在所有地方病流行期间，年龄和性别分布保持不变，显示出与年轻年龄相关的风险增加。疫情期间（最后一次除外），年龄和性别分布出现重大变化，年轻人和青年成年人的风险增加，且各年龄组均有发病。
