Fleising U, Smart A
Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Alberta.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 1993 Mar;17(1):43-57. doi: 10.1007/BF01380598.
The translation of biological theory into engineering (biotechnology) has resulted in the development of novel products and processes. Some of these products are living organisms, usually containing unique genetic arrangements not found in nature. The extension of legal protection to products and processes was required in order for biotechnology to become an unexceptional way in which to do business. The American experience with biotechnology, repeated elsewhere, is demonstrated to have proceeded first through the negotiation of obstacles in administrative law and second through challenges to property law. This outcome for the regulatory management of biotechnology and the legal protection of its products may be interpreted as a function of a cultural bias for scientific authority and progress ideology.
将生物学理论转化为工程学（生物技术）已经带来了新产品和新工艺的开发。其中一些产品是活的生物体，通常包含自然界中未发现的独特基因排列。为了使生物技术成为一种普通的商业方式，需要将法律保护扩展到产品和工艺上。美国在生物技术方面的经历在其他地方也有重演，事实表明，首先是通过行政法中障碍的谈判，其次是通过对财产法的挑战来推进的。生物技术监管管理的这一结果及其产品的法律保护可以被解释为对科学权威和进步意识形态的文化偏见的一种作用。
