Moon J B, Folkins J W, Smith A E, Luschei E S
University of Iowa, Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Iowa City 52242.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1993 Jul;94(1):54-63. doi: 10.1121/1.407067.
Vocal tract pressures during speech tend to be maintained in the face of airway leaks that might be encountered by individuals with repaired palatal clefts. This study tested the hypothesis that such constant pressures can be explained as a consequence of constant pressure source characteristics of the respiratory system during speech production. This conceptualization differs from pressure regulation theories [e.g., D. Warren, Cleft Palate J. 23, 251-260 (1986)] which posit that active reflexive compensatory responses occur to regulate air pressure during speech. Four experiments were conducted to (a) confirm the distinction between constant flow versus constant pressure sources using a plastic vocal tract model, (b) compare air pressure and flow patterns associated with airway leaks in normal speakers to model data, (c) study the effects of gas density in the vocal tract model on air pressure and air flow patterns predicted by a nonreflexive constant pressure source hypothesis, and (d) compare air pressure and air flow patterns associated with airway leaks obtained from normal speakers using different gas densities to model data. Overall, observed flow and pressure patterns suggest the possible influence of constant pressure source characteristics of the respiratory system during speech on maintenance of intraoral air pressure.
腭裂修复患者在说话时，即使气道存在漏气情况，声道压力往往仍能保持稳定。本研究检验了这样一种假设：这种恒定压力可解释为言语产生过程中呼吸系统恒定压力源特征的结果。这一概念化观点不同于压力调节理论[例如，D. 沃伦，《腭裂杂志》23，251 - 260(1986)]，后者认为在说话过程中会出现主动反射性补偿反应来调节气压。进行了四项实验，以(a)使用塑料声道模型确认恒定流量源与恒定压力源之间的区别，(b)将正常说话者气道漏气时的气压和气流模式与模型数据进行比较，(c)研究声道模型中气体密度对非反射性恒定压力源假设所预测的气压和气流模式的影响，以及(d)将使用不同气体密度从正常说话者获得的气道漏气相关的气压和气流模式与模型数据进行比较。总体而言，观察到的气流和压力模式表明，言语产生过程中呼吸系统恒定压力源特征可能对口腔内气压的维持产生影响。
