Kendall R J, Brewer L W, Hitchcock R R
Institute of Wildlife and Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, South Carolina 29670.
J Wildl Dis. 1993 Jul;29(3):458-64. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-29.3.458.
We investigated the effects of a turf application of the insecticide diazinon AG500 on Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on a golf course in coastal Washington (USA). On both 19 and 26 March 1987, 1 ha of turf on a golf course located in Birch Bay, Washington was treated with diazinon AG500 at a target application rate of 2.2 kg active ingredient per hectare (AI/ha). Treated areas were then irrigated with 6 mm water. Grass and water samples were collected from three different sites one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after each application. Diazinon residues > or = 20 ppm were found in golf course grasses for one week after each application. Diazinon residues in study area ponds and creeks were > or = 17 ppb. Samples from two irrigation puddles one day post-application had 1.00 and 0.20 ppm of diazinon, respectively. Numbers of geese present declined following diazinon application; however, no goose mortality was observed. Geese spent 422 and 538 min feeding on the treated areas after the first and second diazinon applications, respectively. One goose feeding in treated areas demonstrated signs of poisoning (lethargy, ataxia) for several hours. Two other geese feeding in the treated areas may have been slightly intoxicated. During carcass searches, three American wigeon (Anas americana) carcasses were found. Based on brain cholinesterase (ChE) levels and gastrointestinal (GI) tract residues of diazinon present, we concluded that these wigeon died from diazinon poisoning. Numerous songbirds (Passeriformes) also fed on the treated turf but no apparent response to the insecticide was observed.
我们研究了在美国华盛顿州沿海一个高尔夫球场上，向草坪施用杀虫剂二嗪农AG500对加拿大鹅（Branta canadensis）的影响。1987年3月19日和26日，华盛顿州伯奇湾一个高尔夫球场的1公顷草坪，以每公顷2.2千克有效成分（AI/ha）的目标施用量，用二嗪农AG500进行了处理。然后对处理过的区域灌溉了6毫米的水。在每次施用前一天以及施用后1、3、7和14天，从三个不同地点采集了草和水样。每次施用后，高尔夫球场的草中二嗪农残留量在一周内大于或等于20 ppm。研究区域池塘和溪流中的二嗪农残留量大于或等于17 ppb。施用后一天，两个灌溉水坑中的样本二嗪农含量分别为1.00 ppm和0.20 ppm。施用二嗪农后，鹅的数量减少；然而，未观察到鹅死亡。在第一次和第二次施用二嗪农后，鹅分别在处理过的区域觅食422分钟和538分钟。一只在处理过的区域觅食的鹅出现了数小时中毒迹象（嗜睡、共济失调）。另外两只在处理过的区域觅食的鹅可能有轻微中毒。在搜寻尸体时，发现了三只美国绿头鸭（Anas americana）的尸体。根据脑中胆碱酯酶（ChE）水平和胃肠道中二嗪农残留情况，我们得出结论，这些绿头鸭死于二嗪农中毒。许多鸣禽（雀形目）也在处理过的草坪上觅食，但未观察到对杀虫剂有明显反应。
