Eskenazi L
Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, Calif.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993 Sep;92(4):671-80. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199309001-00017.
Nipple reconstruction employing both grafts and local flaps has historically been a staged procedure. This paper presents a one-stage procedure using a local flap with immediate tattoo that has the advantages of high patient satisfaction and low cost. The procedure can be performed in a minor surgery suite with local or no anesthetic in 15 to 30 minutes. In this series of 100 nipples there has been only one partial necrosis, which was easily corrected with a "boost" procedure. Only 8 percent of patients required revision procedures in the office, and there have been no infections or wound complications. Patient satisfaction and compliance have been excellent because the procedure is fast and easy with minimal morbidity. Modifications in technique are presented, based on the type of breast reconstruction (implant versus flap), local scarring, and size and color of the opposite nipple-areola complex.
历史上，采用移植和局部皮瓣的乳头重建一直是分期进行的手术。本文介绍了一种使用局部皮瓣并立即进行纹身的一期手术方法，该方法具有患者满意度高和成本低的优点。该手术可在小型手术套房中进行，采用局部麻醉或不麻醉，手术时间为15至30分钟。在这100例乳头重建手术中，仅有1例出现部分坏死，通过“加强”手术很容易得到纠正。只有8%的患者需要在门诊进行修复手术，且未发生感染或伤口并发症。由于该手术快速、简便且发病率极低，患者的满意度和依从性都非常好。本文还根据乳房重建的类型（植入物与皮瓣）、局部瘢痕形成以及对侧乳头乳晕复合体的大小和颜色，介绍了技术上的改进。
