Chiappara P, Dagnino G, Gulino M T, Giacche P
Cattedra di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Scuola ospedaleria di Podologia, Genova, Italie.
Phlebologie. 1993 Apr-Jun;46(2):275-86.
By their tensing and relaxation, the muscles of the leg are thought to be responsible for compressing and relaxing the vascular walls and the lumen of vessels. In order to study the way the muscle structure of the lower limb (in particular the leg and the foot) functions, it is necessary to understand the step and break down its components. The weight of the body is transmitted to the ground by the astralagus which distributes the different forces throughout the fives systems of ossei trabeculae of the astralagus and the heel. The valgus heel determines a continuous traction on the tendon and the hind leg muscle which determines with time a dragging of the foot. When the body goes forward, the weight levels the transverse fore arch. The flexor muscles of the toes bend the phalanxes, gripping them to the ground, they avoid the falling forward of the body with the proximal insertion on the tibia. The sesamoids increase the muscles power as well as that of the kneecap on the quadriceps. The internal curvature of the foot on the ground is furthered by the decreasing length of the metatarsal bones. This is counterbalanced by the long fibular muscle which lowers the medial axis and raises the external axis. The supination of the forefoot depends only in part on the varus valgus of the rear of the foot. The plantar aponeurosis and the flexor tendons have an impact on the metatarsi because they increase the power and bring the insert closer. The complex articular system of the feet depends on the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle structure which, at the same time as a position variation can also play an important part in the venous alteration.
人们认为，腿部肌肉通过其收缩和舒张来压缩和放松血管壁及血管腔。为了研究下肢（尤其是腿部和足部）肌肉结构的功能方式，有必要了解步态并分解其组成部分。身体的重量通过距骨传递到地面，距骨将不同的力分布到距骨和足跟的五个骨小梁系统中。足跟外翻会对肌腱和后腿肌肉产生持续的拉力，随着时间的推移，这会导致足部拖地。当身体向前移动时，体重会使横弓变平。脚趾的屈肌会弯曲趾骨，使其抓紧地面，通过近端附着在胫骨上，避免身体向前倾倒。籽骨会增加肌肉的力量，以及髌骨对股四头肌的力量。跖骨长度的减小会加剧足部在地面上的内翻。这被长腓骨肌抵消，长腓骨肌会降低内侧轴并抬高外侧轴。前足的旋后仅部分取决于足跟后部的内翻外翻情况。足底腱膜和屈肌腱会影响跖骨，因为它们会增加力量并使附着点更靠近。足部复杂的关节系统取决于外在和内在的肌肉结构，这些结构在位置变化的同时，也可能在静脉改变中起重要作用。
