Tchekmedyian N S
Pacific Coast Hematology/Oncology Medical Group, Los Angeles, California.
Curr Opin Oncol. 1993 Jul;5(4):633-8. doi: 10.1097/00001622-199307000-00003.
Anorexia and weight loss are frequent complications of cancer and AIDS. Assessment of dietary records and nutritional requirements in patients with decreased food intake and weight loss will assist the dietitian, nurse, or physician in initially addressing the problem. Patients may respond well to nutritional counseling and food supplements, but persistent severe anorexia is common. Various pharmacologic strategies to reverse anorexia and weight loss have been tested, including corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, cyproheptadine, hydrazine sulfate, dronabinol, and megestrol acetate. Dronabinol was recently found to improve appetite in AIDS patients. Megestrol acetate is so far the only agent associated with improvements in appetite and weight in patients with cancer and AIDS. Enteral and parenteral nutrition may be helpful in selected patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or dysfunction, but it is not generally indicated in patients with end-stage disease.
厌食和体重减轻是癌症和艾滋病常见的并发症。对食物摄入量减少和体重减轻患者的饮食记录及营养需求进行评估，将有助于营养师、护士或医生初步解决该问题。患者可能对营养咨询和食物补充剂反应良好，但持续性严重厌食很常见。已对各种逆转厌食和体重减轻的药物策略进行了测试，包括皮质类固醇、合成代谢类固醇、赛庚啶、硫酸肼、屈大麻酚和醋酸甲地孕酮。最近发现屈大麻酚可改善艾滋病患者的食欲。醋酸甲地孕酮是迄今为止唯一与癌症和艾滋病患者食欲及体重改善相关的药物。肠内和肠外营养可能对某些患有胃肠道梗阻或功能障碍的患者有帮助，但对于终末期疾病患者一般不适用。
