Moravcsik J E, Kintsch W
University of Colorado.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1993 Jun;47(2):360-74. doi: 10.1037/h0078823.
Subjects listened to and recalled three passages. Each subject was also given a general reading comprehension test. The passages were presented either in such a way that subjects could use their general knowledge to help understand them, or in such a way that no specific world knowledge seemed applicable. This was achieved by giving the passages a helpful title, versus no title or an unhelpful title. The passages were written in two different versions, preserving their content but varying their style. In one version, the language was as helpful as we could make it in signalling to the listener discourse importance, while in the other version the language was as unhelpful as we could make it while still writing an English text. All three factors--domain knowledge, writing style, and skill--significantly affected reproductive recall, and there were no interactions between these factors. However, while good writing was sufficient to improve the reproduction of the texts, an analysis of the recall elaborations subjects made revealed that the correctness of their elaborations depended strongly on the availability of appropriate domain knowledge. Thus, good writing and domain knowledge are not simply substitutable, but affect comprehension in somewhat different ways.
受试者聆听并回忆了三篇文章。每位受试者还接受了一次一般性阅读理解测试。文章的呈现方式有两种，一种是受试者可以利用其常识来帮助理解文章，另一种是似乎没有特定的世界知识可适用。这是通过给文章一个有用的标题，与不给标题或给一个无用的标题来实现的。文章有两个不同版本，内容保持不变，但风格不同。在一个版本中，语言尽可能有助于向听众传达话语的重要性，而在另一个版本中，语言在仍为英文文本的情况下尽可能无助于传达重要性。所有三个因素——领域知识、写作风格和技能——都对复述性回忆有显著影响，且这些因素之间没有相互作用。然而，虽然好的写作足以提高文本的复述，但对受试者所做的回忆阐述的分析表明，他们阐述的正确性在很大程度上取决于适当领域知识的可用性。因此，好的写作和领域知识并非简单的可相互替代，而是以略有不同的方式影响理解。
