The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's 1990-1991 survey of occupational medical surveillance prevalence and type of current practices.

For all industry divisions, the likelihood that an establishment will have a medical surveillance program increases directly with size of establishment. Among establishments with 1 to 19 employees, only 4% have medical surveillance programs whereas 56% of establishments that employed 250 or more employees had such programs. The most common time to administer medical surveillance is preemployment. The second most common time to conduct medical surveillance is at periodic intervals. The most common component of medical surveillance programs is a general physical examination. This component of medical surveillance is also the most common element of preemployment surveillance, preplacement surveillance, periodic surveillance, preexit examinations, and surveillance for respirator users. Among the group of Phase II establishments, audiometric testing was the most common periodic test identified. Musculoskeletal testing is performed by 45% of firms administering preplacement examinations and by 38% of firms with preemployment examinations. Across all industry divisions, 14% of establishments that have a medical surveillance program also perform biologic monitoring of some employees.