Conway H, Simmons J, Talbert T
Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Office of Regulatory Analysis, Washington, DC 20210.
J Occup Med. 1993 Jul;35(7):659-69. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199307000-00008.
For all industry divisions, the likelihood that an establishment will have a medical surveillance program increases directly with size of establishment. Among establishments with 1 to 19 employees, only 4% have medical surveillance programs whereas 56% of establishments that employed 250 or more employees had such programs. The most common time to administer medical surveillance is preemployment. The second most common time to conduct medical surveillance is at periodic intervals. The most common component of medical surveillance programs is a general physical examination. This component of medical surveillance is also the most common element of preemployment surveillance, preplacement surveillance, periodic surveillance, preexit examinations, and surveillance for respirator users. Among the group of Phase II establishments, audiometric testing was the most common periodic test identified. Musculoskeletal testing is performed by 45% of firms administering preplacement examinations and by 38% of firms with preemployment examinations. Across all industry divisions, 14% of establishments that have a medical surveillance program also perform biologic monitoring of some employees.
对于所有行业部门而言，企业设立医疗监测项目的可能性直接随企业规模的增大而增加。在拥有1至19名员工的企业中，只有4%设有医疗监测项目，而在雇用250名或更多员工的企业中，56%设有此类项目。进行医疗监测最常见的时间是在入职前。进行医疗监测的第二常见时间是定期进行。医疗监测项目最常见的组成部分是全面体格检查。医疗监测的这一组成部分也是入职前监测、上岗前监测、定期监测、离职前检查以及呼吸器使用者监测中最常见的要素。在第二阶段企业组中，听力测试是最常见的定期测试项目。45%进行上岗前检查的公司以及38%进行入职前检查的公司会进行肌肉骨骼测试。在所有行业部门中，设有医疗监测项目的企业中有14%也会对部分员工进行生物监测。
