Conway H, Simmons J, Talbert T
Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Office of Regulatory Analysis, Washington, DC 20210.
J Occup Med. 1993 Jul;35(7):670-86. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199307000-00009.
The primary purpose for implementing medical surveillance is to protect the general health and fitness of all employees. The next most frequent purpose of medical surveillance programs is to determine whether employees have the physical capability to perform their jobs (ie, surveillance to establish "fitness for duty"). The most commonly reported uses of medical surveillance data for establishments across all industry divisions were to implement or change work practices, to implement or change administrative control programs, to modify training programs, and to change personal protective equipment. Eighteen percent of establishments in all size classes and industries that have medical surveillance programs have identified adverse health effects among employees. The health effects most commonly identified by the medical surveillance programs were repetitive trauma, hearing loss, and skin disorders. Programs designed to detect hearing loss and cumulative trauma disorders, are in fact, finding these adverse effects. Among employees actually receiving periodic medical surveillance tests (6 million), 5% were found to have an abnormal test result.
实施医学监测的主要目的是保护所有员工的总体健康和体能。医学监测计划的下一个最常见目的是确定员工是否具备履行工作职责的身体能力（即，进行监测以确定“是否适合工作”）。所有行业部门的企业最常报告的医学监测数据用途是实施或改变工作惯例、实施或改变行政控制计划、修改培训计划以及更换个人防护装备。所有规模等级和行业中设有医学监测计划的企业，有18%发现员工存在不良健康影响。医学监测计划最常发现的健康影响是重复性创伤、听力损失和皮肤疾病。旨在检测听力损失和累积性创伤疾病的计划实际上确实发现了这些不良影响。在实际接受定期医学监测测试的员工（600万）中，有5%的测试结果异常。
