Ravnikar V A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1993 Jun;20(2):365-78.
This article reviewed conservative measures in dealing with issues of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease prevention. The scientific evidence for each singular intervention is difficult to extract because there are so many confounding parameters. Moreover, improvement in nutrition and diet has its greatest impact on premenopausal women. Needless to say, a total health care approach is still beneficial: exercise, a low-fat and normocalcemic diet, and proper use of ERT. These issues need to be a concern for both the pre- and postmenopausal woman. Gynecologists as primary health care providers need to incorporate this knowledge into their practices. They should clearly understand both the benefits and shortcomings of a nutritional and exercise approach in osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease prophylaxis. In using this knowledge premenopausally, they can better prepare women for the menopause.
本文综述了应对骨质疏松症和预防心血管疾病问题的保守措施。由于存在众多混杂参数，很难提取每项单一干预措施的科学证据。此外，营养和饮食的改善对绝经前女性影响最大。不用说，全面的医疗保健方法仍然有益：运动、低脂和正常钙饮食以及正确使用雌激素替代疗法。这些问题对于绝经前后的女性都应予以关注。作为初级医疗保健提供者的妇科医生需要将这些知识纳入他们的实践中。他们应该清楚地了解营养和运动方法在预防骨质疏松症和心血管疾病方面的益处和缺点。在绝经前运用这些知识，他们可以更好地帮助女性为绝经做好准备。
