Moore M H
Australian Craniofacial Unit, Adelaide Children's Hospital.
Br J Plast Surg. 1993 Jul;46(5):355-62. doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(93)90039-e.
This series of consecutive cases details the prevalence and management of upper airway obstruction in the syndromal craniosynostoses (Crouzon, Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes). Upper airway obstruction presents more frequently in Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndrome when presenting early and during the intermediate years. Those patients with Apert syndrome appear relatively free of this problem. Management has been directed toward increasing the size of the nasopharyngeal space by soft tissue alterations (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, soft palatal split and adenotonsillectomy) with success. Le Fort III advancement osteotomy has been reserved for those more extreme cases, again with objective airway improvement. These techniques have removed the necessity for the progression to tracheostomy in these cases.
这一系列连续病例详细阐述了综合征性颅缝早闭（克鲁宗综合征、阿佩尔综合征和 Pfeiffer 综合征）中上气道梗阻的患病率及治疗方法。上气道梗阻在克鲁宗综合征和 Pfeiffer 综合征中更常出现在早期及儿童中期。患有阿佩尔综合征的患者似乎相对没有这个问题。治疗方法一直是通过软组织改变（悬雍垂腭咽成形术、软腭裂开和腺样体扁桃体切除术）来增加鼻咽腔的大小，且取得了成功。Le Fort III 前移截骨术则用于那些更极端的病例，同样能客观地改善气道。这些技术消除了这些病例中进展为气管切开术的必要性。
