James S P
Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Md.
Dig Dis. 1993;11(3):146-56. doi: 10.1159/000171407.
The mucosal immune system, consisting of lymphoid tissues associated with the lacrimal, salivary, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts and lactating breasts, quantitatively contains the majority of the lymphoid tissue of the body. There are a number of important features of the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system: the mucosal immune system contains specialized structures, such as the Peyer's patches, where immune responses are thought to be initiated; there is a pattern of relatively specific recirculation of lymphoid cells to the mucosa, known as mucosal homing; subsets of lymphoid cells, particularly IgA B cells and memory T cells, predominate at mucosal surfaces; and the predominant mucosal immunoglobulin, secretory IgA, is particularly well adapted to host defense at mucosal surfaces. These elements of the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system function together to generate an immune response which on the one hand protects the host from harmful pathogens, but on the other hand is tolerant of the ubiquitous dietary antigens and normal microbial flora.
黏膜免疫系统由与泪腺、唾液腺、胃肠道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道及哺乳期乳腺相关的淋巴组织组成，在数量上占人体大部分淋巴组织。胃肠道黏膜免疫系统有许多重要特征：黏膜免疫系统包含特殊结构，如派尔集合淋巴结，免疫反应被认为在此处启动；存在淋巴细胞向黏膜相对特异性再循环的模式，即黏膜归巢；淋巴细胞亚群，特别是IgA B细胞和记忆T细胞，在黏膜表面占主导地位；主要的黏膜免疫球蛋白，即分泌型IgA，特别适合在黏膜表面进行宿主防御。胃肠道黏膜免疫系统的这些成分共同发挥作用，产生一种免疫反应，一方面保护宿主免受有害病原体侵害，另一方面对普遍存在的饮食抗原和正常微生物群具有耐受性。
