Shi L
University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Gerontologist. 1993 Aug;33(4):468-80. doi: 10.1093/geront/33.4.468.
This study examines the pattern of social support exchange between Chinese elderly and their adult children, based on a 1989 rural Chinese household survey. Following social exchange theory, we found reciprocity in household support but not in financial support. Elderly with greater resource capacities (i.e., health, income, education, and social network) were more likely to provide than receive assistance, whereas those with fewer resources had the opposite patterns. The exchange of support was more likely to be related to affective and nonfinancial instrumental support than financial instrumental support. Because only 42% of elderly with one or two children were living with their children, a formal pension and elderly care system is needed to complement the informal support system.
本研究基于1989年中国农村家庭调查，考察了中国老年人与其成年子女之间的社会支持交换模式。依据社会交换理论，我们发现家庭支持存在互惠，但经济支持不存在互惠。资源能力较强（即健康、收入、教育和社会网络）的老年人更有可能提供而非接受帮助，而资源较少的老年人则呈现相反模式。支持的交换更有可能与情感和非经济工具性支持相关，而非经济工具性支持。由于只有42%的有一两个孩子的老年人与子女同住，因此需要一个正式的养老金和老年护理系统来补充非正式支持系统。
