Wennberg J E, Goodman D C, Nease R F, Keller R B
Center for the Study of the Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School.
Health Aff (Millwood). 1993 Summer;12(2):89-103. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.12.2.89.
One essential component of health system reform is to bring the number of physicians in line with the needs of the population. The physician supply policies of prepaid group practice health maintenance organizations have been cited as one model to achieve this goal. Planning for physician supply should be an explicit public-sector activity and should not be left to the private sector, because some areas are not sufficiently populated to support competing providers under a managed competition scheme. A new model for planning for physician supply should include the following strategies: (1) erecting barriers to entry into medical practice; (2) encouraging early retirement; (3) restructuring economic incentives; (4) reallocating physicians to underserved areas in the United States and abroad; and (5) creating new areas of professional responsibility for physicians.
卫生系统改革的一个关键组成部分是使医生数量与人口需求相匹配。预付费团体执业健康维护组织的医生供应政策被视为实现这一目标的一种模式。医生供应规划应是明确的公共部门活动，不应交给私营部门，因为有些地区人口不够密集，无法在管理竞争计划下支持相互竞争的医疗服务提供者。一种新的医生供应规划模式应包括以下策略：（1）设置进入医疗行业的障碍；（2）鼓励提前退休；（3）调整经济激励措施；（4）将医生重新分配到美国国内和国外服务不足的地区；（5）为医生创造新的专业职责领域。
