Selective screening for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of screening for coronary artery disease before elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was performed.

METHODS

Results of a screening algorithm for coronary artery disease in 263 patients admitted to a single hospital for elective repair of AAA between January 1986 and December 1989 were analyzed. Patients with no coronary artery disease indicators proceeded to surgery without further workup. Patients with cardiac disease indicators underwent dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy, and patients with angina were screened by use of cardiac catheterization; those with a recent coronary revascularization underwent no additional screening unless symptoms or electrocardiographic changes suggested an intervening event. Twenty-eight patients underwent no screen other than medical history and electrocardiogram.

RESULTS

Among 164 patients screened with dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy, 44 patients had redistribution defects that required catheterization, and 11 of these underwent coronary revascularization. Cardiac catheterization was performed directly in 42 patients, which led to 11 revascularizations before AAA repair. Previous coronary artery bypass or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty obviated additional screening in 29 patients. Of the 263 scheduled AAA repairs, 15 were cancelled because of unacceptable operative risks, 13 for cardiac reasons. One patient died of a ruptured AAA after an uneventful coronary artery bypass. Among the 247 AAA repairs performed, there were three perioperative deaths (1.2%), all of which resulted from sudden cardiac events; three additional patients had nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1.2%), for a total cardiac complication rate of 2.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

The low rate of cardiac complications in this experience affirms the effectiveness of preoperative screening and selective coronary revascularization before AAA repair.