Tarumi K, Hagihara A, Morimoto K
Section of Postgraduates Guidance, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.
Sangyo Igaku. 1993 Jul;35(4):269-76. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.35.269.
We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between psychological load and blood pressure using white-collar male employees of a company located in an urban area in June, 1991. Excluding those with diseases which might induce hypertension or those under 20 yr and over 60 yr of age, 570 male subjects were eligible for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was applied to 461 subjects excluding 109 who showed unstable blood pressure level; the dependent variable was blood pressure class which contained 386 normotensives and 75 hypertensives. The explanatory variables were age, obesity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, habitual physical exercise, all well-known factors affecting blood pressure level, working time, commuting time, paid annual leave, and type of living (with family or alone) as objective workload, and Karasek's job strain as psychological workload. Odds ratio of job strain was statistically significant after adjusting for the foregoing factors, but in the case of high job strain, the prevalence of hypertension was low. Theorell has pointed out that contrary to the usual recognition those having a family history of hypertension tended to have a non-complaining life attitude and this indication seems to be the reason for the results of this analysis. Blood pressure is one of the most important problems in the field of industrial health and because of our highly industrialized society, it is necessary to consider psychological workload. Longitudinal observations which take into account psychological workloads must be planned, and personal traits represented by a family history of hypertension should be always taken into consideration.
1991年6月，我们对位于市区的一家公司的白领男性员工进行了一项横断面研究，以调查心理负荷与血压之间的关系。排除可能诱发高血压的疾病患者以及20岁以下和60岁以上的人员后，有570名男性受试者符合分析条件。对461名受试者进行了逻辑回归分析，排除了109名血压水平不稳定的受试者；因变量是血压类别，其中包括386名血压正常者和75名高血压患者。解释变量包括年龄、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、习惯性体育锻炼，这些都是影响血压水平的众所周知的因素，还有工作时间、通勤时间、带薪年假以及生活类型（与家人同住或独居）作为客观工作量，以及Karasek工作压力作为心理工作量。在对上述因素进行调整后，工作压力的优势比具有统计学意义，但在工作压力高的情况下，高血压的患病率较低。Theorell指出，与通常的认识相反，有高血压家族史的人往往具有不抱怨的生活态度，这一迹象似乎是本次分析结果的原因。血压是职业健康领域最重要的问题之一，由于我们所处的高度工业化社会，有必要考虑心理工作量。必须计划考虑心理工作量的纵向观察，并且应始终考虑以高血压家族史为代表的个人特征。
