Bourbonnais R, Brisson C, Moisan J, Vézina M
Départment d'ergothérapie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1996 Apr;22(2):139-45. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.122.
In line with Karasek's job strain model, the objective of the study was to determine whether workers submitted to high job strain, a combination of high psychological demand and low decision latitude, develop more psychological distress than workers not submitted to high job strain. A second objective was to determine whether social support at work modifies the association between job strain and psychological distress.
The design was cross-sectional and included white-collar workers in the Québec city area. A self-administered 26-item questionnaire (the Job Content Questionnaire) measured psychological demand, decision latitude, and social support at work. Psychological distress was measured by the Psychiatric Symptom Index, a 14-item self-administered instrument.
Among the 2889 participants, the prevalence of psychological distress was 27.8%. High job strain was present in 20.5% of the subjects. The crude odds ratio (OR) of high job strain with psychological distress was 3.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.54-4.88]. The OR adjusted for age, gender, employment status, occupation, social support at work, nonwork social support, cynicism, hostility, domestic load, and stressful life events during the last 12 months was still significant (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.66-3.62).
Our results support the association between job strain and psychological distress. Social support at work, although significantly associated with psychological distress, did not modify the association between job strain and psychological distress.
根据 Karasek 的工作压力模型，本研究的目的是确定承受高工作压力（即高心理需求与低决策自由度相结合）的工人是否比未承受高工作压力的工人产生更多的心理困扰。第二个目的是确定工作中的社会支持是否会改变工作压力与心理困扰之间的关联。
采用横断面设计，纳入魁北克市地区的白领工人。一份 26 项的自填式问卷（工作内容问卷）用于测量心理需求、决策自由度和工作中的社会支持。心理困扰通过 14 项自填式工具“精神症状指数”进行测量。
在 2889 名参与者中，心理困扰的患病率为 27.8%。20.5%的受试者存在高工作压力。高工作压力与心理困扰的粗比值比（OR）为 3.52[95%置信区间（95%CI）2.54 - 4.88]。在对年龄、性别、就业状况、职业、工作中的社会支持、非工作社会支持、愤世嫉俗、敌意、家庭负担以及过去 12 个月内的应激性生活事件进行调整后，OR 仍然显著（OR 2.45，95%CI 1.66 - 3.62）。
我们的结果支持工作压力与心理困扰之间的关联。工作中的社会支持虽然与心理困扰显著相关，但并未改变工作压力与心理困扰之间的关联。
