Foley K M
Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York.
Neurol Clin. 1993 Aug;11(3):503-22.
The major clinical uses for opioids are to control pain, suppress cough, and to treat diarrhea. These drugs, however, have the potential for abuse. It is postulated that the significant mood-altering effects of opioids combined with their pharmacology, in which tolerance and physical and psychological dependence occur, account for their abuse liability. A classification of the groups of patients that commonly present with complications of opioid use is reviewed briefly before discussing the clinical pharmacology of the opioids and their acute and toxic effects.
阿片类药物的主要临床用途是控制疼痛、止咳和治疗腹泻。然而，这些药物存在被滥用的可能性。据推测，阿片类药物显著的情绪改变作用，再加上其药理学特性（会产生耐受性以及身体和心理依赖性），导致了它们的滥用倾向。在讨论阿片类药物的临床药理学及其急性和毒性作用之前，先简要回顾一下通常出现阿片类药物使用并发症的患者群体分类。
