Thomas Karen R, Watt Jacob, Wu Chuen Mong J, Akinrinoye Adejoke, Amjad Sairah, Colvin Lucy, Cowe Rachel, Duncan Sylvia H, Russell Wendy R, Forget Patrice
School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 28;10(8):1815. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081815.
Opioid-induced dysbiosis (OID) is a specific condition describing the consequences of opioid use on the bacterial composition of the gut. Opioids have been shown to affect the epithelial barrier in the gut and modulate inflammatory pathways, possibly mediating opioid tolerance or opioid-induced hyperalgesia; in combination, these allow the invasion and proliferation of non-native bacterial colonies. There is also evidence that the gut-brain axis is linked to the emotional and cognitive aspects of the brain with intestinal function, which can be a factor that affects mental health. For example, , and are linked to Irritable Bowel Disease; and have associations with Parkinson's disease, and has increased prevalence in depression. However, changes to the gut microbiome can be therapeutically influenced with treatments such as faecal microbiota transplantation, targeted antibiotic therapy and probiotics. There is also evidence of emerging therapies to combat OID. This review has collated evidence that shows that there are correlations between OID and depression, Parkinson's Disease, infection, and more. Specifically, in pain management, targeting OID deserves specific investigations.
阿片类药物引起的肠道菌群失调（OID）是一种特殊情况，描述了使用阿片类药物对肠道细菌组成的影响。研究表明，阿片类药物会影响肠道上皮屏障并调节炎症途径，可能介导阿片类药物耐受性或阿片类药物诱导的痛觉过敏；综合起来，这些因素会使非本地细菌菌落得以入侵和增殖。也有证据表明，肠脑轴与大脑的情绪和认知方面以及肠道功能相关联，这可能是影响心理健康的一个因素。例如，[此处原文缺失相关内容]与肠易激病有关；[此处原文缺失相关内容]与帕金森病有关，[此处原文缺失相关内容]在抑郁症中的患病率有所增加。然而，肠道微生物群的变化可以通过粪便微生物群移植、靶向抗生素治疗和益生菌等治疗方法受到治疗性影响。也有证据表明出现了对抗OID的新疗法。本综述整理了相关证据，表明OID与抑郁症、帕金森病、感染等之间存在关联。具体而言，在疼痛管理中，针对OID值得进行专门研究。
