Johnson G K, Squier C A
Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Pediatr Dent. 1993 May-Jun;15(3):169-74.
Smokeless tobacco use in the United States has increased over the last two decades largely due to increased consumption by young people. Rates of use are highest among teenage and young adult males, and the most popular form of smokeless tobacco is moist snuff. Peer pressure as well as use of other addictive substances such as cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol, seem to correlate with current use. Frequent users of smokeless tobacco have an increased risk of developing gingival recession, leukoplakia, and oral cancer at the placement site. Other health concerns are related to the cardiovascular effects and addictive nature of nicotine. Because the smokeless tobacco habit is difficult to break, public health efforts have been largely aimed at prevention. The dental professional also can play an important role in recognizing the smokeless tobacco user and facilitating cessation.
在过去二十年中，美国无烟烟草的使用有所增加，这主要归因于年轻人消费的增长。青少年和年轻成年男性的使用率最高，最流行的无烟烟草形式是湿鼻烟。同伴压力以及香烟、毒品和酒精等其他成瘾物质的使用似乎与当前的使用情况相关。经常使用无烟烟草的人在使用部位患牙龈退缩、白斑和口腔癌的风险增加。其他健康问题与尼古丁对心血管的影响及其成瘾性有关。由于无烟烟草成瘾难以戒除，公共卫生工作主要致力于预防。牙科专业人员在识别无烟烟草使用者并促进其戒烟方面也可以发挥重要作用。
