Acheson L S, Danner S C
Department of Family Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
Prim Care. 1993 Sep;20(3):729-47.
Scientific studies investigating the postpartum period are scarce, and observational studies greatly outnumber controlled trials. Many studies are biased in their assumptions about the social roles of women and men and in the interpretation of observations and treatment strategies. The published literature is fragmentary; few researchers have attempted a comprehensive, biopsychosocial system-oriented view of postpartum health. More research is needed on the occurrence and treatment of such common postpartum problems as urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and back pain. Widespread application of what is already known about support for breast-feeding, prevention of fatigue and depression, contraception, and maintenance of healthy lifestyles will require innovations in healthcare delivery, professional practices, and social policy, particularly in the occupational arena. Many postpartum problems have been found to be iatrogenic and responsive to changes in the routine care of mothers and newborns. Finally, it is clear that women of lower education and socioeconomic status and those with less social support are consistently at higher risk for postpartum and parenting problems; great benefits are likely from interventions that enhance the well-being of these mothers and infants.
关于产后时期的科学研究匮乏，观察性研究的数量远远超过对照试验。许多研究在对男性和女性社会角色的假设以及对观察结果和治疗策略的解释方面存在偏差。已发表的文献支离破碎；很少有研究人员尝试从全面的、以生物心理社会系统为导向的视角看待产后健康。对于尿失禁、性功能障碍和背痛等常见产后问题的发生和治疗，还需要更多研究。广泛应用已知的关于支持母乳喂养、预防疲劳和抑郁、避孕以及维持健康生活方式的知识，将需要在医疗保健服务、专业实践和社会政策方面进行创新，特别是在职业领域。许多产后问题已被发现是医源性的，并且对母亲和新生儿常规护理的改变有反应。最后，很明显，教育程度较低、社会经济地位较低以及社会支持较少的女性，产后和育儿问题的风险一直较高；加强这些母亲和婴儿福祉的干预措施可能会带来巨大益处。
