Bahrke M S, Shukitt-Hale B
Sport Psychology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Sports Med. 1993 Aug;16(2):97-125. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199316020-00003.
Alterations in psychological mood, personality, behaviour and cognitive functioning associated with altitude have been recognised for many years. Psychological and behavioural changes resulting from the effects of hypoxia often include increases in euphoria, irritability, hostility and impairment of neuropsychological functions such as vision and memory. There is limited research to indicate that some decrements may persist for up to a year, or longer, after return to lower elevation. However, generalisations of the effects of altitude on mood, behaviour and cognitive function are complicated by differences between studies including the specific tasks or dimensions measured, methods of measurement, degree of altitude, duration of exposure and types of participants. There also appear to be wide individual differences in the response to altitude sojourns. Investigations designed to measure symptoms and mood changes during actual mountain climbs are needed, since most of the systematic research has been conducted in altitude chambers. The extent to which these simulations can be generalised to actual altitude settings remains to be documented.
与海拔高度相关的心理情绪、性格、行为和认知功能的改变已被认识多年。缺氧影响导致的心理和行为变化通常包括欣快感增加、易怒、敌意以及神经心理功能如视觉和记忆受损。仅有有限的研究表明，一些功能减退在返回低海拔地区后可能持续长达一年或更长时间。然而，由于不同研究之间存在差异，包括所测量的具体任务或维度、测量方法、海拔高度、暴露持续时间和参与者类型等，海拔高度对情绪、行为和认知功能影响的普遍结论变得复杂。对海拔停留的反应似乎也存在很大的个体差异。由于大多数系统性研究是在海拔舱中进行的，因此需要开展旨在测量实际登山过程中症状和情绪变化的调查。这些模拟在多大程度上可以推广到实际海拔环境仍有待记录。
