Gilbert W M, Brace R A
Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
Semin Perinatol. 1993 Jun;17(3):150-7.
The regulation of amniotic fluid volume and composition remains largely unknown. Several difficult to study pathways exist for the formation (early transfer across fetal skin, fetal urine and lung fluid production) and removal (swallowing, transmembranous and intramembranous absorption) of amniotic fluid. It appears that flows across these pathways may work in concert the vast majority of the time because amniotic fluid volume is maintained within a normal range. When significant deviations occur from this normal range, especially in the mid trimester, significant perinatal morbidity and mortality incidence results.
羊水容量和成分的调节在很大程度上仍不为人知。羊水的形成（早期通过胎儿皮肤的转运、胎儿尿液和肺液生成）和清除（吞咽、跨膜和膜内吸收）存在几条难以研究的途径。似乎绝大多数时候这些途径中的液体流动协同发挥作用，因为羊水容量维持在正常范围内。当与这个正常范围出现显著偏差时，尤其是在孕中期，会导致围产期显著的发病率和死亡率。
