Håheim L L, Holme I, Hjermann I, Leren P
Life Insurance Companies Institute of Medical Statistics, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Stroke. 1993 Oct;24(10):1484-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.24.10.1484.
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality.
Our data are based on a prospective cohort study of men aged 40 to 49 years after 12 years of follow-up.
In age-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis of 14,403 healthy men, diastolic blood pressure was a stronger predictor for stroke incidence and mortality than systolic blood pressure. Smoking was a stronger predictor of mortality than of incidence. However, there was no dose-response relation among smokers by increased cigarette consumption. Total serum cholesterol was a significant (P < .05) risk factor for stroke mortality and of borderline significance (P = .08) for stroke incidence. Increased physical activity at leisure was associated with reduced stroke incidence but not mortality. The myocardial infarction risk score comprising systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and daily cigarette smoking was a strong predictor of mortality and incidence. Body mass index, triglycerides, blood glucose, and physical activity at work were not found to be risk factors for stroke.
Reduction of blood pressure, cessation of smoking, lowered cholesterol, and increased physical activity at leisure are individual measures to reduce the risk of stroke.
本研究的目的是确定中风发病率和死亡率的危险因素。
我们的数据基于一项对40至49岁男性进行的前瞻性队列研究，随访12年。
在对14403名健康男性进行年龄调整的Cox比例风险回归分析中，舒张压比收缩压更能预测中风发病率和死亡率。吸烟对死亡率的预测作用比对发病率的预测作用更强。然而，吸烟者中不存在因吸烟量增加而产生的剂量反应关系。总血清胆固醇是中风死亡率的显著（P <.05）危险因素，对中风发病率具有临界显著性（P =.08）。休闲时增加体力活动与中风发病率降低相关，但与死亡率无关。由收缩压、总血清胆固醇和每日吸烟量组成的心肌梗死风险评分是死亡率和发病率的强有力预测指标。未发现体重指数、甘油三酯、血糖和工作时的体力活动是中风的危险因素。
降低血压、戒烟、降低胆固醇以及增加休闲时的体力活动是降低中风风险的个体措施。
