Stephan U
Fortschr Med. 1977 Feb 3;95(5):253-5.
Indications of vaccinations in childhood are changing due to the development of new vaccines and to changes of the epidemiological situation. In Germany one of the most controversial vaccinations is the BCG-immunization. Regarding our own experiences in the northern part of Bavaria we recommend the BCG-vaccination of all newborn infants. Indication of vaccination against tetanus remains unchanged. All children should be immunized against diphtheria. To protect against measles and parotitis epidemica we use the combined measles-parotitis-vaccine in the second year of life. The indication of vaccination against smallpox changed meanwhile due to the changed legal situation and the nearly complete eradication of smallpox in the world. Before puberty all girls should be vaccinated against rubella. To fight poliomyelitis oral vaccination is necessary.
由于新疫苗的研发以及流行病学情况的变化，儿童疫苗接种的指征正在改变。在德国，最具争议性的疫苗接种之一是卡介苗接种。基于我们在巴伐利亚北部的自身经验，我们建议对所有新生儿接种卡介苗。破伤风疫苗接种指征保持不变。所有儿童都应接种白喉疫苗。为预防麻疹和流行性腮腺炎，我们在儿童第二年使用麻疹 - 腮腺炎联合疫苗。同时，由于法律情况的变化以及世界范围内天花几乎完全根除，天花疫苗接种指征发生了改变。青春期前，所有女孩都应接种风疹疫苗。为防治小儿麻痹症，口服疫苗是必要的。
