Brody J S, Lahiri S, Simpser M, Motoyama E K, Velasquez T
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1977 Feb;42(2):245-51. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1977.42.2.245.
To evaluate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the genesis of large lungs in high-altitude natives, we measured forced vital capacity (FVC), static lung pressure-volume characteristics and maximum expiratory flow-volume loops in 17- to 20-yr-old Peruvian natives to 3,850 m (highlanders) and 800 m (lowlanders). Forced vital capacity was 5.11 +/- 0.64 liters in highlanders, 116 +/- 11% of predicted; and 3.73 +/- 0.32 liters in lowlanders, 84 +/- 7% of predicted. Lung elastic recoil at functional residual capacity and at total lung capacity, and size-corrected pressure volume curves were similar in the two groups. Despite the larger volumes in highlanders, density-corrected maximum flow rates were similar in highlanders and lowlanders, and flow expressed in FVC'S-S-1 was less in highlanders. Upstream conductance at 50% FVC expressed in fvc's-s-1-cmH2O was 0.094 +/- 0.023 in highlanders vs. 0.147 +/- 0.050 in lowlanders. Flow rates did not change in sojourners to altitude, suggesting that the lower values of highlanders were due to anatomic factors. These findings suggest that airways, which form in fetal life, do not participate in adaptation to altitude, and that the large lungs of highlanders result from postnatal environmental hypoxic stimulation of lung growth. Our results illustrate the importance of "dysynaptic" lung growth in determining patterns of adult lung function.
为评估遗传和环境因素在高海拔地区原住民大肺形成中的作用，我们测量了17至20岁秘鲁原住民（居住在海拔3850米的高地人和海拔800米的低地人）的用力肺活量（FVC）、静态肺压力-容积特性和最大呼气流量-容积环。高地人的用力肺活量为5.11±0.64升，为预测值的116±11%；低地人的用力肺活量为3.73±0.32升，为预测值的84±7%。两组在功能残气量和肺总量时的肺弹性回缩以及尺寸校正后的压力-容积曲线相似。尽管高地人的肺容积较大，但密度校正后的最大流速在高地人和低地人中相似，且以FVC's - S-1表示的流速在高地人中较低。以fvc's - s-1 - cmH2O表示的50% FVC时的上游传导率，高地人为0.094±0.023，低地人为0.147±0.050。旅居高原者的流速没有变化，这表明高地人较低的流速值是由解剖学因素导致的。这些发现表明，在胎儿期形成的气道不参与对高原环境的适应，高地人大肺是出生后环境性低氧刺激肺生长的结果。我们的结果说明了“突触发育异常”的肺生长在决定成人肺功能模式中的重要性。
