Sprague J M, Levy J, DiBerardino A, Berlucchi G
J Comp Neurol. 1977 Apr 1;172(3):441-88. doi: 10.1002/cne.901720305.
Cats were trained pre- and/or postoperatively on flux and pattern discriminations, and were examined in a series of visuomotor tests which measured attention and orientation to, and following and localization of stationary and moving stimuli, in a free situation and in a perimetry test. Cortical lesions were placed in areas 17 and 18, or in the middle and posterior suprasylvian gyri and sulci--areas 19, 20, 21, 7 and lateral suprasylvian cortex (LSA), as delineated by cyto- and myeloarchitecture, and by electrophysiological mapping. After removal of all of area 17 and up to 90-95% of 18, postoperative learning of flux and pattern discriminations is at a high level, although in some cases slowed. Visuomotor behavior is normal. Such lesions result in severe atrophy only of laminae A, A1 and C in the lateral geniculate nuclear complex (LGNd). The neuronal systems for perceiving and discriminating simple, large planimetric patterns and forms, and for mediating visually guided behavior characteristic of this species lie outside of areas 17-18. The cortices primarily responsible for form discrimination in the cat include those in the suprasylvian gyri and sulci. After lesions which removed areas 19, 20, 21 and LSA, sparing most of 17-18, form discriminations based on orientation or shape were prolonged or absent. Although these animals showed slow tracking and poor depth judgment, the visual fields were full and they had good sensory and perceptive capacity as seen in normal flux and near normal pattern (gratings) discrimination. Such lesions result in severe atrophy in lateral and inferior pulvinar complex. Although these nuclei receive visual input primarily from the superficial laminae of the superior colliculus and certain nuclei of the pretectum, both areas 19 and LSA receive a dual input from pulvinar and parts of LGNd. Whether these marked deficits in form discrimination after suprasylvian lesions are due to involvement of certain crucial areas of this extensive cortex, or whether all are involved in some integrated fashion, is not yet completely clear. Removal of 19, 21 and parts of LSA are followed by similar (but somewhat less marked) deficits of both retention and learning. Lesion in area 20 alone (cortical target of the lateral pulvinar) leaves retention of preoperatively learned discriminations intact but results in prolonged initial learning. Previous work by the present authors has shown similar deficits in form discrimination in the cat after lesions in the pretectum-superior colliculus. These data, together with the present findings appear to support the hypothesis that the midbrain-pulvinar-cortical pathways provide the first stage in simple, coarse form perception and discrimination in this species.
在术前和/或术后对猫进行流量和图案辨别训练，并在一系列视觉运动测试中对其进行检查，这些测试测量了在自由情境和视野计测试中对静止和移动刺激的注意力、定向、跟随以及定位。皮层损伤位于17区和18区，或位于中、后上薛氏回和沟——19区、20区、21区、7区以及外侧薛氏皮层（LSA），这些区域是根据细胞结构、髓鞘结构以及电生理图谱划定的。切除全部17区以及高达18区的90 - 95%后，术后流量和图案辨别的学习仍处于较高水平，尽管在某些情况下会减慢。视觉运动行为正常。此类损伤仅导致外侧膝状体核复合体（LGNd）的A层、A1层和C层严重萎缩。该物种用于感知和辨别简单、大的平面图案和形状以及介导视觉引导行为的神经元系统位于17 - 18区之外。猫中主要负责形状辨别的皮层包括上薛氏回和沟中的皮层。在切除19区、20区、21区和LSA区域，保留大部分17 - 18区后，基于方向或形状的形状辨别会延长或缺失。尽管这些动物跟踪缓慢且深度判断较差，但视野完整，并且在正常流量和接近正常图案（光栅）辨别中表现出良好的感觉和感知能力。此类损伤导致外侧和下枕叶复合体严重萎缩。尽管这些核主要从上丘的浅层和顶盖前区的某些核接收视觉输入，但19区和LSA区都从枕叶和LGNd的部分区域接收双重输入。上薛氏回损伤后形状辨别出现的这些明显缺陷是由于这个广泛皮层的某些关键区域受累，还是所有区域都以某种整合方式参与，目前尚不完全清楚。切除19区、21区和部分LSA区域后，会出现类似（但程度稍轻）的记忆保持和学习缺陷。仅20区（外侧枕叶的皮层靶点）受损会使术前学习的辨别记忆保持完整，但会导致初始学习延长。本研究作者之前的工作表明，顶盖前区 - 上丘损伤后猫的形状辨别也有类似缺陷。这些数据与目前的研究结果似乎支持这样一种假设，即中脑 - 枕叶 - 皮层通路为该物种简单、粗略的形状感知和辨别提供了第一阶段。
