Pamies R J, Sugar D, Rives L A, Herold A H
Division of general internal medicine, Mt Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland.
Postgrad Med. 1993 Jun;93(8):183-4, 189-91, 194. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1993.11701725.
Methanol intoxication can be a challenge, in part because it is relatively uncommon but also because of the pharmacokinetics involved. A patient may not experience symptoms and thus may not present for treatment for several hours, or even a day or two, after exposure to the toxic substance. Yet, the interval between ingestion and treatment is one of the most important factors in determining patient outcome. Typical symptoms of methanol intoxication include lethargy, vertigo, vomiting, blurred vision, and decreased visual acuity. Treatment focuses on prevention of methanol conversion to its toxic metabolites, correction of metabolic acidosis, and elimination of the toxic substances from the system. Ethanol and bicarbonate administration and hemodialysis have been effective.
甲醇中毒可能是一个难题，部分原因是它相对不常见，还因为涉及到药代动力学。患者接触有毒物质后可能没有症状，因此可能在数小时甚至一两天后才就医治疗。然而，摄入与治疗之间的间隔是决定患者预后的最重要因素之一。甲醇中毒的典型症状包括嗜睡、眩晕、呕吐、视力模糊和视力下降。治疗重点在于防止甲醇转化为其有毒代谢产物、纠正代谢性酸中毒以及从体内清除有毒物质。给予乙醇和碳酸氢盐以及进行血液透析已被证明是有效的。
