Horne E P, Turnbull C E
J Gen Psychol. 1977 Jan;96(1st Half):135-42. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1977.9920807.
The estimation of number depends on the information as dot frequency, exposure conditions, order of presentation, and sensitivity of the observer to color. Ninety-six color-normal observers (age 17-27) equally divided by sex were assigned so that each one viewed 42 cards, each of which contained dots of one of three colors on one of two grounds at one of seven frequency levels. For any observer, cards were exposed for either .5 second or 1.0 second intervals and in either ascending or descending order. The ANOVA indicated a significant effect for the following variables: dot frequency, dot color, and exposure time. Estimates increased with dot number on the several displays. Yellow-red (YR) dots were slightly overestimated. Yellow-green (YG) and gray dots were not. The briefer exposure yielded an underestimation and the longer an overestimation. Interpolated intervals are given for correct estimates.
数量的估计取决于诸如点的频率、曝光条件、呈现顺序以及观察者对颜色的敏感度等信息。96名色觉正常的观察者（年龄在17至27岁之间，男女各半）被平均分配，使得每人观看42张卡片，每张卡片在两种底色之一上以七种频率水平之一呈现三种颜色中的一种颜色的点。对于任何观察者，卡片的曝光间隔为0.5秒或1.0秒，呈现顺序为升序或降序。方差分析表明以下变量有显著影响：点的频率、点的颜色和曝光时间。在几个显示屏上，估计值随着点数的增加而增加。黄红色（YR）点被略微高估。黄绿色（YG）点和灰色点则没有。较短的曝光导致低估，较长的曝光导致高估。给出了正确估计的内插区间。
