Gossop M, Griffiths P, Powis B, Strang J
National Addiction Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London.
AIDS Care. 1993;5(2):159-68. doi: 10.1080/09540129308258596.
One of the most conspicuous risks of HIV transmission among drug injectors involves sharing injecting equipment which has been contaminated by infected blood. The present study investigates the relationship between severity of dependence upon heroin and the sharing of previously used injecting equipment (passive sharing). Four-hundred-and-eight heroin users were contacted and interviewed. Two-hundred-and-eighty-one (69% of the total heroin sample) had injected drugs on at least one occasion, and 204 of the 281 injectors (73%) had shared injecting equipment on at least one occasion after it had been used by someone else. The more severely dependent heroin injectors were more likely to have shared injecting equipment. As users become more dependent upon heroin, the types of factors which predispose them towards sharing may change. Less dependent users were more likely to use in public and 'social' settings, and they may be more likely to share injecting equipment with people they do not know well. The more dependent users appear to use heroin in private settings and to be at greater risk of sharing with dealers, perhaps because of the urgency of their need for drugs at times when they are in withdrawal. One of the most frequently cited reasons for sharing was that sterile injecting equipment was difficult to obtain. It is a matter for some concern that many of the sharers in our sample (24%) reported having shared used injecting equipment while in custody. There was good overall awareness of the risks of health problems associated with injecting among our subjects. However, awareness of risk was not associated with avoidance of sharing behaviour.
在吸毒注射者中，艾滋病毒传播最显著的风险之一是共用被感染血液污染的注射器具。本研究调查了海洛因依赖程度与共用先前使用过的注射器具（被动共用）之间的关系。研究人员联系并采访了408名海洛因使用者。其中281人（占海洛因样本总数的69%）至少有过一次注射毒品的经历，在这281名注射者中，有204人（73%）至少有过一次在他人使用过后共用注射器具的情况。海洛因依赖程度越严重的注射者越有可能共用注射器具。随着使用者对海洛因的依赖程度增加，促使他们共用器具的因素类型可能会发生变化。依赖程度较低的使用者更有可能在公共和“社交”场合使用毒品，并且他们可能更有可能与不太熟悉的人共用注射器具。依赖程度较高的使用者似乎在私人场合使用海洛因，并且与毒贩共用的风险更大，这可能是因为他们在戒毒期间对毒品的需求更为迫切。最常被提及的共用原因之一是难以获得无菌注射器具。令人担忧的是，我们样本中的许多共用者（24%）报告称在被拘留期间曾共用过用过的注射器具。我们的研究对象总体上对与注射相关的健康问题风险有较好的认识。然而，对风险的认识与避免共用行为并无关联。
