Malignant tracheal tumors.

Malignant tracheal tumors are uncommon and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The most frequently diagnosed types of such tumors are squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas. These tumors usually manifest with the obstructive symptom of wheezing; thus, they are often misdiagnosed as asthma. Rigid bronchoscopy is the best procedure for determining a definitive diagnosis. The recommended treatment is primary resection and reconstruction of the trachea when possible. If the lesion is too extensive, radiation therapy, bronchoscopic "coring out" of the tumor, laser treatment, or internal stenting may provide palliation. Surgical resection necessitates experience with complex airway procedures and can be done with minimal morbidity. The long-term prognosis depends on the histologic type and the size of the tumor; excellent results can be achieved with early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment.