Allen M S
Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1993 Jul;68(7):680-4. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60604-1.
Malignant tracheal tumors are uncommon and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The most frequently diagnosed types of such tumors are squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas. These tumors usually manifest with the obstructive symptom of wheezing; thus, they are often misdiagnosed as asthma. Rigid bronchoscopy is the best procedure for determining a definitive diagnosis. The recommended treatment is primary resection and reconstruction of the trachea when possible. If the lesion is too extensive, radiation therapy, bronchoscopic "coring out" of the tumor, laser treatment, or internal stenting may provide palliation. Surgical resection necessitates experience with complex airway procedures and can be done with minimal morbidity. The long-term prognosis depends on the histologic type and the size of the tumor; excellent results can be achieved with early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment.
恶性气管肿瘤并不常见，在诊断和治疗方面都具有挑战性。此类肿瘤最常诊断出的类型是鳞状细胞癌和腺样囊性癌。这些肿瘤通常表现为喘息的阻塞性症状；因此，它们常常被误诊为哮喘。硬质支气管镜检查是确定明确诊断的最佳方法。推荐的治疗方法是在可能的情况下对气管进行一期切除和重建。如果病变范围过大，放射治疗、肿瘤的支气管镜“挖除”、激光治疗或置入内支架可能会起到缓解作用。手术切除需要具备复杂气道手术的经验，且可以将发病率降至最低。长期预后取决于肿瘤的组织学类型和大小；早期诊断并进行适当的手术治疗可取得良好效果。
