Li L H, Jiang X Z, Liang Y X, Chen Z Q, Zhou Y F, Wang Y L
Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical University, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 1993 Jun;6(2):179-86.
Chloroform has obvious hepato-, nephro-toxicity and carcinogenicity. In order to get necessary data for recommendation of maximum allowable concentration of chloroform in workplace, a series of studies were carried out. The results showed that exposed workers mainly distributed in the industries of perspex processing, production of refrigerants, drugs and pesticides. The exposure level ranged 4.27-147.91 mg/m3 in 119 air samples collected from 3 representative worksites, with 45.4% air samples below 20 mg/m3. The workers exposed to chloroform at 29.51 mg/m3 had slight liver damage indicated by the higher rates of abnormal serum prealbumin and transferrin levels than those of control workers. The neurobehavioral functions of these workers were also obviously affected, manifested as increases in scores of passive mood states and dose-related negative changes in neurobehavioral testing. The observed effect threshold concentration of subacute inhalation in rats was 592 mg/m3 according to the observation on the biochemical changes in liver tissue and abnormal activities of serum enzymes. Mainly based on the above results, we recommended 20 mg/m3 as the Maximum Allowable Concentration in workplace in China at present.
氯仿具有明显的肝毒性、肾毒性和致癌性。为获取推荐工作场所氯仿最大允许浓度所需的数据，开展了一系列研究。结果显示，接触氯仿的工人主要分布在有机玻璃加工、制冷剂、药品和农药生产行业。从3个有代表性的工作场所采集的119份空气样本中，氯仿暴露水平在4.27至147.91毫克/立方米之间，45.4%的空气样本低于20毫克/立方米。接触氯仿浓度为29.51毫克/立方米的工人血清前白蛋白和转铁蛋白水平异常率高于对照组工人，提示有轻度肝损伤。这些工人的神经行为功能也受到明显影响，表现为消极情绪状态得分增加以及神经行为测试中与剂量相关的负面变化。根据对大鼠肝组织生化变化和血清酶异常活性的观察，大鼠亚急性吸入的观察效应阈值浓度为592毫克/立方米。主要基于上述结果，我们建议目前中国工作场所氯仿的最大允许浓度为20毫克/立方米。
